Prepare the Dough: Combine warm water and sugar in a bowl. Sprinkle in instant yeast and let it sit until frothy. In another bowl, whisk together flour and salt before adding yeast mixture along with olive oil.
Knead the Dough: Transfer the dough onto a floured surface and knead it for about 8-10 minutes until smooth and elastic. Form it into a ball and place it in a greased bowl, covering it with a damp cloth.
Let It Rise: Allow the dough to rise in a warm area for about 1 hour or until doubled in size.
Prepare the Filling: Mix shredded cheddar cheese, diced jalapeños, minced garlic, chopped herbs, and Italian seasoning in a large bowl.
Shape Your Bread: Once risen, punch down the dough on a floured surface and roll it out into a rectangle. Spread the cheese filling evenly over the surface before rolling it up tightly.
Final Rise & Bake: Place the rolled dough seam side down in a greased loaf pan or on a baking sheet lined with parchment paper. Let it rise again for about 30 minutes before brushing with melted butter and baking at 375°F (190°C) for approximately 35 minutes until golden brown.